12/27/2023 0 Comments Risk using insecticides and pesticidesProvides commercially important information for the agro-chemical industry. Pesticide application and operator safety is investigated and the future of pesticides in light of the development of genetically modified crops is explored. In Pesticides, Graham Matthews begins by looking at the developmental history of pesticides, and how crop protection was achieved before they were in use, how pesticides are registered for use and what happens to pesticides in food and the environment. Over the last five decades pesticides have undoubtedly helped to increase agricultural production and control vectors of disease, however the environmental impact of long term agro-chemical use has been cause for concern along with the effects on human health. The presented cases demonstrate that non-properly planned and otherwise prohibited placing of baits may cause serious damage in the environment. Analysis of some cases indicates that the so-called secondary toxicosis of protected birds may occur even in case of plant protection treatment according to rules, when birds of prey consume rodents, insects and vermins dead or unable to escape. ,treated" with poison were possibly placed for killing foxes and other pests but in certain cases the circumstances indicate possible intentional poisoning of protected wild birds. Most of the animals died of toxicosis were protected, whose ideal value is several millions of HUF. Toxicosis was caused by carbofurane in 14 cases, by phorate in 2 cases, by terbuphos in 2 cases and in 1-1 case by diazinone, clorphacinone and endosulphane. Pesticide having caused the toxicosis were analysed by gas-chromatograph with MS and NP detectors in the gastric, crop and gizzard content and visceral organs of carcasses and in the baits. During pathological examination lesions only suspicious to toxicosis were found. In ten cases baits treated with pesticide (preparated chicken eggs, carcasses of roe deers, piglets, fish and fowls, eggs, slaughterhouse by-products) were found near to dead animals. The majority of toxicoses occurred in protected areas, in national parks. The authors detected pesticide toxicosis in 19 cases, in 508 animals of 22 species (103 buzzards, 7 rough-legged hawks, 8 white tailed eagles, 11 marsh carriers, 1 pallid carrier, 11 ravens, 1 barn owl, 1 rook, 1 jay, 3 magpies, 200 ruffs, 2 common cranes, 6 white herons, 4 grey herons, 127 black-headed gulls, 1 chaffinch, 7 martens, 1 wild cat, 1 ferret, 4 foxes, 4 roe deers and 5 elks) during 5 years (2000-2004).
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